Indonesia Geol9

Indonesia is home to about 150 volcanoes, 130 of them are active. These volcanoes sit within the ring of fire and have "high eruptive potential" due to the seismic activity of plate boundaries, such as the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates.  The frequent earthquakes Indonesia experiences contribute to the elevated volcanic activity, not only that but the intensity of the earthquake can effect the viscosity of magma and the eruption type. Eruption patterns can be thrown off after earthquakes as well, eruptions may be speed up afterwards. In Indonesia a 6.3 magnitude earthquake in 2001 caused fumarole temperatures to rise in Mount Merapi. Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in the world, it is a pyroclastic stratovolcano that sits 2986 meters above sea level. In 2006 another earthquake resulted in the increase of magma extrusion and pyroclastic flow.  Mitigation:  In Indonesia 70% of the population is located within a volcanic zone, with some citizens living within 6 ...

Tsunami's are a hazard for Indonesia due to the frequent earthquakes. Indonesia was victim to one of the most devastating tsunamis to date.  On December 26, 2004 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake caused a tsunami which tore through costal cities of 15 countries within the region. Indonesia was the most affected country, the epicenter of the earthquake was near the province of Aceh which belongs to the island of Sumatra. Aceh bore the brunt of the damage, facing waves as high as 167ft devastating it's communities, the runup stretching 3 miles inland. The total of dead or missing people in Aceh reached 167,000. Indonesia has experienced serval tsunamis since then. As a result of the tsunami, in 2005 the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWMS) was established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. The IOTWMS provides risk assessment and early warning capabilities, and awareness programs, with 27 tsunami warning centers to issue alerts after seis...

 Indonesia and it's neighboring countries in southeast Asia experience frequent earthquakes. The average for the region is about 320 earthquakes ≥ 5.0 magnitude and 3 earthquakes  ≤ 7.0 magnitude a year. Indonesia has taken several steps to prevent a earthquake related catastrophe such as implementing mandatory earthquake and tsunami preparedness drills in schools. Sirens have been installed in some provinces and their populations have be instructed on what to do if the sirens go off.  Pertaining to infrastructure, earthquake resistant building codes exist, but enforcement and compliance are inconsistent. In some areas locals sing lullaby's to children that tell them what to do during a possible tsunami:  "A village once sank,  That's how they tell the tale,  It began with an earthquake,  Followed by a massive wave,  The entire land submerged,  Suddenly just like that.  If the quake is strong  And the waters recede,  Quickly fi...

 Indonesia is located on the western side of the ring of fire  and is home to 4 plate boundaries . The surrounding plates include the Eurasian, Australian, Philippine, and the Pacific plates. The Convergent plate boundaries run south under Sumatra and Java in the west, through the middle of the archipelago, and along the north of West Papua New Guinea to the east.     In the west where the Eurasian and Australian plates meet is a subduction plate boundary, the Australian plate sides beneath the Eurasian plate at the  Sunda/Java trench . On the eastern side of Indonesia within the intersection of the Australian, Eurasian, and Philippine plates, the convergence is divided within an belt of microplates ( a small tectonic plate or plates that exist within a larger tectonic plates boundaries). The microplates create  various types of faults including arc-continent collision, subduction, strike-slip, thrust, and extensional faulting.  These faults...